Ethical imperatives assuming ENDS effectiveness and safety are fragile

Policing Bench and Bar: Ethical Imperatives

Patient safety and clinical effectiveness as imperatives for achieving harmonization inside and outside the clinical laboratory.

For clinical laboratorians, the case for standardization and harmonization has been evident for more than 4 decades, since Radin first proposed using traceable reference standards for calibration as a means to harmonize laboratory results produced with different in vitro diagnostic methods (1 ). Over the intervening period, the subject has been reviewed (2 ) and debated extensively— both inside...

Global Migrations, Ethical Imperatives for Care, and Transcultural Nursing Research.

#WorldOnTheMove All of the world’s 7.4 billion souls are affected, in some way, by the unprecedented humanmigration occurring everywhere. The United Nations (2016) estimated that, last year, 244 million people were international migrants living in a country other than where they were born, an uptick of 41% from 2000. Internal migration—change of residence within national borders—is difficult to...

Pain in Laboratory Animals: The Ethical and Regulatory Imperatives

The paradoxical goal of much of animal-based biomedical research is to model severe human injuries and illnesses without causing severe pain or distress to the animals. Current public policy in most countries calls for treatment or prevention of laboratory animal pain whenever possible. However, the ‘‘whenever possible’’ provision allows for some intentional infliction of untreated pain in labo...

Ethical Theory and Educational Effectiveness

The missing link in the theories of normative ethics is the study of the extent of their real impact on the moral education of individuals and societies. Existing moral theories can be divided into act-driven theories, agent-driven theories, and combined and bifocal theories. Each of these theories has shortcomings in relation to the issue of moral education, some of which, like the act-driven ...